Laser eye surgery, such as LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) and PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy), has become a popular option for individuals seeking to correct vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. While the procedure offers significant benefits, including reduced dependence on glasses and contact lenses, it is not without risks. Understanding these potential risks can help individuals make informed decisions before undergoing the procedure.
1. Dry Eyes
One of the most common side effects of laser eye surgery is dry eyes. The procedure can temporarily reduce tear production, leading to discomfort, burning, and blurred vision. In most cases, this issue resolves within a few months, but some patients may experience chronic dry eyes requiring ongoing treatment with artificial tears or Implantable collamer lens surgery prescription medications.
2. Undercorrection or Overcorrection
During laser eye surgery, the cornea is reshaped to improve vision. However, if too little or too much tissue is removed, the desired vision correction may not be achieved. Undercorrection may leave a patient still dependent on glasses, while overcorrection can result in new vision problems. In some cases, a second procedure, known as an enhancement surgery, may be needed to fine-tune the results.
3. Glare, Halos, and Starbursts
Some patients experience visual disturbances such as glare, halos, or starbursts around lights, particularly at night. These issues can make driving at night difficult and may persist for months or, in rare cases, become permanent. These side effects are more common in individuals with large pupils or high prescriptions before surgery.
4. Flap Complications (LASIK)
In LASIK surgery, a flap is created in the cornea, which is lifted for laser reshaping. If the flap does not heal properly or is displaced due to trauma, it can lead to complications such as infection, inflammation, or irregular healing. Proper post-operative care and avoiding eye rubbing can reduce the risk of flap-related issues.
5. Corneal Ectasia
Corneal ectasia is a rare but serious complication where the cornea becomes weak and starts to bulge outward, leading to distorted vision. This condition can develop months or years after surgery, particularly in individuals with pre-existing corneal weakness. In severe cases, a corneal transplant or special contact lenses may be required to restore vision.
6. Regression of Vision
Over time, some patients may experience a regression in their vision, meaning that their eyesight gradually returns to its pre-surgery state. This can happen due to natural changes in the eye or inadequate healing. In such cases, additional corrective procedures or glasses may be needed.
7. Infection and Inflammation
Although rare, infections and inflammation can occur after laser eye surgery. Symptoms include pain, redness, and decreased vision. Prompt treatment with antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications is essential to prevent long-term damage.
While laser eye surgery is generally safe and effective, it is not risk-free. Potential complications such as dry eyes, visual disturbances, undercorrection, or more severe conditions like corneal ectasia highlight the importance of careful consideration before undergoing the procedure. Consulting an experienced eye surgeon and undergoing a thorough pre-operative assessment can help determine whether laser eye surgery is a suitable option based on individual eye health and risk factors.